Constipation on GLP-1 medicines

In short

Constipation is a common GLP-1 side effect and can last longer than nausea for some people. Fluids, fiber and movement are the first steps most people try.

Why it happens

GLP-1 medicines slow the movement of food through the digestive tract. Slower transit gives the colon more time to pull water out of stool, which makes it harder and less frequent.

At the same time, many people eat and drink much less than before. Less food and fluid means less volume to keep things moving.

When it starts and fades

Constipation can begin early and may linger beyond the step-up phase for some people. In trials it was reported most often during dose escalation and was usually mild to moderate.

If you go several days without a bowel movement, or have hard, painful stools despite home measures, check in with your care team.

What helps

• Drink water steadily through the day, aiming above your old baseline since food water drops.
• Add fiber from vegetables, beans, berries, oats or chia, increasing slowly.
• Take a daily walk; movement helps the gut move too.
• Keep a regular bathroom time and do not ignore the urge to go.
• Ask a pharmacist which over-the-counter options are a fit before trying one.
• Include some healthy fat, which can help stool pass.